Welcome to Duality Check, the podcast where two brothers embark on a thrilling journey
through the realms of scientific inquiry, the enigmatic mysteries of the past, and the uncharted
territories of spirituality. Join us as we explore the wonders of our world and beyond, all while
embracing the roles of curious bystanders rather than experts. Together we'll unravel the intricate
tapestry of existence, blending the dichotomies of knowledge and wonder. Get ready to question,
ponder, and delve into the dualities that shape our understanding of reality on Duality Check.
I'm Drew. And I'm Dean. And today we are going to be talking.
about, well, to build off of last episode, last episode we were talking about science and we
were talking about kind of its blind spots, its limitations. So if we don't really buy
into like the official scientific narrative of our ancient past, the narrative, what are
the possibilities for what could have been? Yep, exactly. So we're gonna go into some of
that. Yeah, the important thing you just said there was narrative too. Like, we understand
that science has a lot to offer when it comes to evidence and when it comes to evidence collection
and when it comes to synthesizing all that. But there are still blind spots. What's the
narrative that the scientific community is coming up with to describe the things that they find?
All the bits of hard evidence. They're not storytellers. Well, they are. Well, they are exactly, but
they're not very good. They mistake the storytelling for objective science. Right. Yeah, they come
up with whatever. I don't know, they just can't really seem to synthesize the evidence across
all of the different disciplines to make. It's just like cherry picking which bits of evidence
they want to account for, which bits of evidence they want to ignore. Exactly. So. On that note,
what we're gonna do to start out is we're just gonna go over the basic overview of what prehistory
is kind of conventionally taught to us as. Yeah. And then we'll talk about what is kind of the
big alternate theory. The big one. Yeah. So. As we all have learned in school or through
documentaries on TV, watching the History Channel before it became all about like Pawn Stars
or whatever the heck is on there now. Oh my god, yeah. I like Pawn Stars every once in
a while. Yeah. You find some cool artifacts on there. I mean, I guess there's little historical
stories attached to some of that stuff. No, but I hear what you're saying. The History
Channel is not exactly only history. Yeah. So, yeah. Us humans, homo, sapiens, we evolve from
apes. Our closest relative is chimpanzees. That's the closest living creature to what would have
been one of our direct ancestors. Right. And relative of our direct ancestor though, right?
Right, right. So about seven million years ago is when the first bipeds break from the chimpanzee
common ancestor. Well, it's before they're even bipeds, but. Basically it was just chimps that
stood up and then they wouldn't form their own society. Yeah, and so like kind of the theory
about that. And I don't think a lot of this is even, I don't have a lot of issues with
this. part of the story necessarily. Yeah. But yeah, the idea is that the landscape in Africa
changed so that there was less forests and more like grasslands. Yeah, more savannas, more
flat plains. And that the idea is that by standing up on two legs, you can see over the tall grasses
to see predators and food and have a better chance of survival. See the curvature of the
earth. You'd have to, I mean, probably better off up in the trees to have a hope for that.
That's true. I bet you we still climb trees at the time though. Well yeah, because it would
have taken a long time for like our shoulders to change, our hip joints to change in such
a way that it was like efficient for us to walk. Because like chimpanzees today can walk on
two legs. Yeah. They don't do it because it's not the way that their physiology is like designed.
Yeah. Well, if you watch them walk. on two legs, they kind of like waddle. It's like a side
to side kind of thing. It's not. Because their feet are hands, basically, too. Right. They
have opposable. Trying to walk on your thumbs. We have opposable thumbs. And so do they. But
they also have opposable thumbs on their feet. Yeah. Which helps them grab trees with any
digit that is. Dude, imagine being one of the first humans, or not humans, but bipeds. And
you had freaking cool finger hands. And you were still climbing trees, but you're running.
And you're doing. Anyway. Yeah. It would be fun. I think it'd be cool to have thumbs on
my feet. They also had like long curve fingers, which I guess helps with hanging and whatnot.
I bet you that between their joints of their fingers is just longer in between each. Anyway,
keep going. So then. The Stone Age officially starts around 3.3 million years ago. The Stone
Age is what to, like, how long? So I guess we got seven million years ago for the first bipeds.
And Stone Age represents what, civilization or groups of? Stone Age represents when our
ancestors first started using stone tools, like fashioning stone into shapes in order to use
it as a tool. Not just picking up a stone and using it. Like you can even see primates today,
like they'll pick up a stick, they'll pick up a, they don't have to like use a stick as a
spear, as a weapon, they can use rocks. The ones, the orangutans, I think, they use the
sticks and they put it in the tree holes to get ants out. and then they lick the brain.
Like, that's cool. Yeah, I saw on Joe Rogan, he was showing one picture of an orangutan
hanging off a tree, using a spear into a river, trying to fish. I saw that too. Which is crazy.
So he was saying that some scientists today, I haven't looked into this, but some scientists
today are trying to say that, that chimpanzees have entered the Stone Age, which is pretty
interesting. Only something in three million years than us. Well, and they're not technically
bipeds either though, right? Are they characterized as? I mean, they can walk on two legs, but
their body isn't designed for it. I guess that's a good point then to go back to like, what
is biped? Is it when the majority of your walking, or is it just the capability of it? I don't
know and I'm sure I Mean, I don't know either but my guess would be once your physiology
Starts to change in such a way that like you're meant to be walking on two legs Like your body
is shaped in such a way that That walking on two legs is the most efficient means of propulsion.
Okay So we've got the first bipeds at seven million years ago stone age Begins 3.3 Yeah.
Ish, million years ago. And that last.
To 2000 BC. Come on. When is the, well, to about 3,300 BC, 2000 BC, depending on where in the
world. Because different civilizations are said to have exited the Stone Age and into the Bronze
Age at different points in time.
So you get the Bronze Age around 3,300 BC. which is about like the rise of like Sumer, the first
acknowledged official civilization. Civilization, yeah. Which is in the Indus Valley between
the Tigris and the Euphrates modern day Iraq. Yeah. And they call that like the Mesopotamian
civilizations cause it wasn't just Samaria, that comes and goes and you get Mesopotamia,
Babylon. A lot of changes in the area, yeah. Mm-hmm. And not- Are there any wars? Pretty
close to that is where you also get Nordicico in South America, you get the first Chinese
civilizations, you get the first civilization in India. Yeah. And then- But we- You also
get the Egyptians. Yeah, isn't that crazy? What's the time, what's the ranges between the beginnings
of all these civilizations? Do you know? I don't know the dates on all of them. I mean, we could
look them up. Sure. But I'd say the Sumerians are first and the Egyptians.
there. The official Egyptology credits the beginning of the Egyptian civilization because there's
like the pre dynastic which goes back even before that but I don't know if they totally count
that as part of it.
It says right here, and this is on thehistorycooperative.org. The ancient Egyptian civilization is credited
for 3150 BC to 30 BC. Gotcha. So 3150, that's well within that range, that day. Yeah, that's
150 years. So that's, yeah. So basically, within a few hundred years, you have all of these
different civilizations popping up. All across the world. And they're supposedly all kind
of figured out, let's stay in one place, let's farm, let's divide our labor and specialize.
Let's develop all this technology. And they aren't supposed, most of them anyway, aren't
supposed to have had any sort of contact with each other. We know there was probably some,
there was some contact between, I think the Mesopotamian. cultures and the Egyptians. That
makes sense. They're pretty geologically close to each other. Yeah, but I don't think the
Egyptians were supposed to, or the Egyptians or Mesopotamians were supposed to have been
in contact with the Indians or the Chinese or definitely the cultures in South America. Just
based on distance, I mean, it makes sense. But I mean, yeah. But if they weren't in contact,
then you have to kind of... You have to have some way of explaining why within the same
few hundred years did all these because humans, we kind of skipped over, but homo sapiens come
into the picture from our lineage. Right, we should probably. 300,000 years ago is when
scientists... The latest age so far. ..acknowledged the first modern homo sapien. With our modern
brains, modern physiology. Right. So humans are around for 200,000 years. And then all
of a sudden, within the same 200 year window, five, six times across the globe, humans all
figure out farming and civilization at the same time. Yeah, even if you give it hundreds of
years between, you're still assuming that. somebody, whoever, even if you're assuming that they
all did it naturally of their own, you know, abilities. It doesn't make sense that they
all come up with the same systems in a sense, right? And that just, if it was true that they
came up with it, it looks like somebody taught them whether it was, you know, we'll get into
that theory later, but whether it was somebody from a prehistory that, that gave the knowledge
or if in their model, it's saying that I mean, it would only make sense that one person or
one society figured it out and then shared it. Yeah. So even if they figured it out and then
a hundred years passed, and then they were able to move around and go and tell everybody, and
then everybody else developed it at the same, like within a similar timeframe, given a hundred,
you know, give or take a hundred years. That's still a leap. Right, but 100 years isn't going
to get you from Egypt to South America. Right, that's what I'm saying. Yeah, it doesn't make
sense. Without the credited ability to sail the oceans. And even if you sail the oceans,
you got to be able to get there. You got to be able to navigate. Right, right. There's
so much technology needed to be able to sail like that. You can't just happen upon all of
these different places. Right. Come on. OK, so let's go back a little bit to our genius.
Genius. Genus. Not genius, genius. No, genius is smart. Genus is like a family of species.
Not genius, genius. There we go. Yeah, so you get the first, three million years ago, Stone
Age, two million years ago, you get the first homo genus, the first homo. Erectus. Which
are not just upright walkers, but are apparently. able to use more sophisticated tools. I guess
these are higher level Stone Age people than the first. Still stone, but. And like the ones
they don't. Because like Australopithecus was one of our ancestors, apparently, right? And
they're earlier than most of the Homo species. But they were able to walk up. They didn't
give them the title Homo. They gave them a different title. So I'm not sure what is so different
about their physiology that they don't get that. credit. Maybe it's brain size. I don't know.
Or is it just because all of this isn't based on, I mean, sure. It could be brain size. Well,
you know, if they measured it and whatnot, but. You know, there's, I can't remember the name,
so I won't talk about it too much, but like there's other genius, genus types of humanoid
or hominids that have small brains, but still practice a lot of the same things that early
humans did. Like there's like religion and burial and.
So yeah, you get the first homos, then you get the first homo sapien, around 300,000 years.
And then you get the spreading out of Africa, all around the world, during the Ice Age, when
the Bering Land Strait is up, and you get the Homo sapiens that cross the Bering Land Strait
into North America. And that's all the conventional story. Then you get the Bronze Age, 3,000 years
ago. Egyptians. Bronze Age civilizations. Then you get the Iron Age, 1200. not 3,000 years
ago for the Bronze Age, 3 to 300 BC. Then you get the Iron Age, 1,200 BC. 3 to 300 BC to
1,200 BC Bronze Age, 1,200 to
550 BC. Yeah, and as I was reading up on some of this stuff, it's interesting because there's
actually a lot of debate within scientific circles about using these distinctions, Stone Age,
Bronze Age, Iron Age. this like three age system, is what they call it, because it really tries
to classify all of human civilizations into what type of metals they can make. Right. Which
is a weird way to divide civilization. Yeah. Yeah, you would think it would be based on
more of like other attributes of their society. Right. Like agriculture, like. Agriculture,
division of labor, math. Yeah. Writing. just whatever complexities come out of societies
like we know they do. There's a lot of things you can catalog a society on. It's just funny
to... Metallurgy is the one that they start... Yeah. I mean, it probably has something to
do with the rarities of metals and how mining and doing a lot of that stuff was pretty intensive
and it showed a lot of acumen of the society and what they're capable of doing. The more
advanced or hard... difficult metals that you can make, the more precision you can have,
the more technology that starts to open up to you. Yeah, the harder metals that you're getting
to, that you can mine and get to, shows that you can do a lot. That makes a decent amount
of sense. But still, I understand that thought of like, cause stone's not even a metal. I
guess they just couldn't figure it out. So, That's essentially the basic. And the idea
of this story is that it's kind of like a line from point A to point B being where we are
now, right? Yeah, just super linear. It's like a linear progression of us evolving, becoming
smarter, us figuring out civilization and farming, and us growing. Our society is becoming more
advanced. all leading up to today. And it's this nice, pretty linear story. But there's
problems with it, which you touched on a little bit on, but that's kind of what this episode
is going to be about. The problems with this sort of understanding of the origins of human
civilization. And a lot of times, and overall, the linear path of it all, too. Like. I don't
know that it was that linear. Right. And that's what we're seeing, the evidence that people,
that they're pulling up is painting this linear picture. But I also want to draw attention
to the fact before we start this next part, is that just so everybody has this fresh in
their mind that 300,000 years ago, homo sapiens are attributed to being on earth. Mm-hmm modern
anatomically modern humans with that look like a brain size Capabilities just like us. Mm-hmm.
Yes, they had less information based, you know at the time I'll you know, that's true, but
from about 300,000 years ago and only 3000 or no 5000 years ago The Bronze Age starts yeah
We're talking about 296,000
years went by. Of humans wearing butt flaps, being hunter gatherers. Wearing leather, yeah,
wearing butt flaps. And yeah, being hunter gatherers and not figuring this out. Obviously they lived
in small groups. So the idea of living together was not foreign to them. And I guarantee they
had. They had allies and enemies like we do now. Sure. That all at the time drives the
creation of a society. So why only 3000, 3000 something years ago, or 5000 something years
ago, do humans figure out that they need to organize? Right. So that's just, I want that
to be fresh in people's minds as we go forward in this. Just hypothetically, if we were to
delete all our technology and drop a bunch of humans on the fresh earth, like without all
the knowledge and everything. It doesn't even have to be fresh. You just don't necessarily
think that it's going to take us hundreds of thousands of years to figure out how to farm
and figure out how to domesticate animals and figure out how to live together in cities rather
Sure, there's going to be strife. There's going to be wars, like it's human nature that we've
seen. And that happened back then, too. It happened back in 3000s. It happened when there had to
be a civilization, too. War goes back as far as humans do. I mean, even before that, we're
talking about the animal kingdom. You're talking about chimpanzees. They go to war. They have
territory. Yeah, they do. So let's keep going. But I just want that to be fresh in people's
minds as we move forward. glazed over it a bit with all the dates and stuff. Yeah. So the
other issue that I want to point out with this story is that there are fossils, there are
archaeological finds in North and South America that push the peopling of the Americas back
before the Bering Land Strait was open. So the Bering Land Strait is that, you know, land
bridge from Russia to Alaska. Yep. North America and Asia were connected at one point. At one
point during the Ice Age, the oceans were lower. And that created this land bridge between those
two areas. And people and animals could just walk over it. Right. And so for a long time,
people thought, the last time that was open was from about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago,
give or take. which falls pretty well into. Well, yeah, it's in the last ice age. But not
at all points during the last ice age was that open because it depends on the sea levels.
Yeah, because it was ice. And it was basically built every time it gets cold enough, it freezes
over. And every time it gets warm enough, it thaws out and goes back into an ocean. Right.
Yeah. So that's a problem. Yeah, it's a problem because we're finding evidence of people being
in North and South America before 20,000 years ago. There was a find in San Diego of a kill
site in a campfire that is dated at 200,000 years ago. So now you have to figure humans
have been there for so much longer and now only 100,000 years after humans even existed. And
the evidence they're finding that shows. It challenges that out of Africa chronology. It
challenges the chronology for when people were supposed to have come to the Americas.
Yeah, we, you know, at that time, at that time in history, there was no map makers. There
was, you know, there's old 1500 year old or yeah, 1500 year old, not 1500. There's a Perry
Reese map. I don't know. It's dated to like 1500s. It's from, that's what I'm trying to
say. It's from the 1500s, but we don't even really know. Really? No Like we think we know
what we know what the world looks like now based on like satellite imagery and whatnot and But
like we don't know necessarily that the earth looked quite the same Well, it wouldn't have
during the last ice age So I mean, yeah, so for a long chunk of human existence We would
have been in the ice age and in the ice age you had two mile high ice sheets on North America
So much ice that the water needed to pile that up caused the ocean levels to be 400 feet lower
than what they are today. So if you drop the oceans 400 feet, it's gonna completely change
the coastlines. It's gonna completely, like where the ocean coastlines are is gonna be
so much further out in some areas. Well, is there any evidence, and I don't know, I haven't
actually looked this up at all, but is there any evidence of like Antarctica having expanded
upward, like northern? What do you mean? Like because the, we know the North American night
sheet was a lot further south during the ice age. Oh yeah, yeah. Do we have any evidence
of like the South Pole having been further up as well? Uh, it would have had to be. if it
was symmetrical. But the problem with that is the way that we do the science on the North
American ice sheet is you're able to look at the land on which the glaciers sat and determine
that there were glaciers there. But already today, the ice in Antarctica expands out past
the land. So the coastline event. quote unquote, coastline of once you, like if you're sailed
to Antarctica, you're going to hit ice and then you have to keep going before there's land
under that ice. So... I see. There may be, I don't know, I haven't looked into it myself,
but there may be ways that they could tell how far out that sea ice went, but... Yeah, it
would have had to have been held up by something though. Whatever methods they use for telling
it in North America, you're not going to be able to use those same methods down in Antarctica.
Okay. Anyway. But during that time, Antarctica probably would have had a land bridge to South
America as well. Well, the reason I was thinking that's where I was kind of going with that
was like, you know, if human history was to have gone.
If humans were to have been come out of Africa, would we have?
You know, is it possible that the North American land bridge from Asia or Russia to North America,
there could have been a similar thing or even maybe if it was a boat, short boat ride and
we had some kind of primitive boat technology that could take us to the land of Antarctica
from Africa. Yeah, maybe. And then walked across one day when it was opened. Anyway, real quick,
we're gonna have to take a break. We got some crying babies here. So yeah. We will be back
with you guys shortly. Enjoy a little music.
you
Welcome back. We are back. The baby is back asleep. Well, we think. Yeah, he's in a weird
position, so it doesn't make me too confident. He's got his butt sticking straight in the
air. You can see his butt cheeks through his pajamas, through his blanket. Yeah. It took
a minute, but we're back. Refreshed our beers while we were going to. Anybody who cares.
Yeah, what are we drinking today? Got that new Belgium Voodoo Ranger Juicy Haze IPA. It's
got some cool artwork. Voodoo Ranger style. No description on there. No description. What
do we got? I think on the box it said 7.5%. So anybody, dad, that's for you. Oh, yeah,
7.5? I don't know if that reaches dad's alcohol content level of acceptance. It's pretty malty
too. I mentioned that earlier. Yeah. I like more like hoppy pie old school IPAs. Same.
This one's malty. Immediately when I drank it, it tasted like a Budweiser or like a... I mean,
isn't New Belgium owned by Budweiser? You might be right about that. Maybe Coors like it because
it's in... You might be right about that. It says it's in Fort Collins. Shit, they're worldwide.
Yeah, I think this is one of those breweries that got bought out. They just gave them all
their extra hops, apparently. Yeah, not hops, malts. Yeah, so we are back. Babies asleep.
Beers are cold. So we were going over some various problems with the conventional theory. Yeah,
of origins of human civilization. Like? We were talking about the Bering Land Bridge. How civilization
started popping up all over the world. All at the same time with generally.
There's another interesting bit. This may be actually better for later, but yeah. So let's
actually transition. This is a good time to switch gears and let's talk about what is if
the conventional theory of human civilization isn't what we think it is then What is the
possibility? Yeah so essentially What we are Proposing and obviously this isn't our idea.
No, if you follow people like Graham Hancock Carlson and any of them in Van Kirk with there's
a whole community built up around these topics yeah, a lot of these people speak it was called
the Just just gave my brain the common summit or that comment. No It's called The one that
I make cosmic so I'm like, yeah. Yeah So essentially this sort of emerging theory, this emerging
alternate theory, what it's proposing is that humanity and civilization didn't just emerge
with farming and language and all this stuff all over the world. What happened is that was
essentially a re-emergence of civilization. And that the origins of civilization go back
way further. And no one really knows how far. Well, yeah, once you get past that boundary,
I mean, the possibility is 300,000 years at this point. Yeah. Or even further. I mean,
it could be that our ancestors. But I mean, that's just the latest date. Obviously there
are other, there are more theories talking about the, you know, origins of humans on this planet
that we can get into in other episodes, which we will get into in other episodes too. We'll
go into more directions, but for this podcast. But today's for the high level overview. Yeah,
of this theory specifically. Right. Mostly. So the proposed theory is that civilization
emerged a long time ago, like way before into the last Ice Age. The last Ice Age ended 11,600
years ago. When did it start? Do you remember? It started long time ago, right? Yeah, it was
like tens and tens of thousands of years. It was like 30,000 years ago or something like
that. I feel like I feel like that's that number is sitting in my brain. but it's not always
real.
What do we got? When did the last Ice Age start?
2.5 million years ago. Is that what I'm gonna say? Quaternary glaciation. That's the start
though. Yeah, and so we were in some form of a ice age for millions of years. So 2.58 million
years ago. Yeah. Interesting. So just think about that. Anyway. So basically humanity emerged
in the ice age. Within the ice age period, yeah. Right. That's interesting. 2.5 million years
ago. I mean, that actually coincides with a lot of other dates for a lot of the theories
that we've talked about, or discussed before. I'm not sure which ones you're talking about.
It's like Zacharias Hitchin and a lot of like, yeah. Okay, so, yeah, so then the idea is that
there was a global civilization that was technologically advanced. Not necessarily as technologically
advanced, or if they were, it was in maybe a different direction. Because you can think
of technological advancement like one discovery will then open up doors to new discoveries.
Like you play video games, like an RPG game where you level up. They'll have like this
tech tree. And you have to like put. put your experience points into one tech tree in order
to open more on that tech tree. You have to put resources and manpower into a direction
in order to flourish it. Right. But if you go in one direction, you're not necessarily going
in the other directions. So it's possible you can go different ways. Like we went the way
of electricity and electricity, fossil fuels, steam engines. But that's not to say that they
didn't. in a sense, right? Because we still use candles. We still use things that were
done fire. Like, you know, like we use it in more of a utility sense. Yeah. But also it
was around, right? So just think of like- You're in pretty heavy speculation territory when
you're trying to guess exactly how advanced they are. But there is some stuff that gives
us some indications. Mm-hmm. But the idea is that this advanced civilization was global.
They had an understanding of the world, of their place in the universe. The universe, yeah,
the solar system. They have depictions on a lot of artwork from the period of at least
where we just have discovered. Well, there's myths and stuff handed down of that period.
But there's also some like in Go Begley Teppi, there are. Well, no, it's actually not to go
back to Teppi. It's I feel like it's somewhere else. I'm thinking of the where it shows the
solar system depicted on cave art, not cave art, but it's like you're talking about is
the Sumerian. Is it Sumerian? Or there's some Egyptian hieroglyphs that have it too. But
there's some Sumerian because I've studied the planets. OK, yeah, I think I'm thinking of
the Egyptians, though, because I have I've looked at a lot more Egyptian stuff than I have Samarian
stuff. So anyway. So then what happens is that the ice age comes to an end. Twelve thousand.
Well, starts at twelve thousand. Starts to. So we start coming out of the ice age slowly.
About like 13, 14, 15000 years ago, the temperature starts slowly rising, almost to today's temperatures.
And then at about. 12,800 years ago, it spikes back down to super cool. Yeah. They call it
the Younger Dryas cooling event or. Right. Yeah, it's called the Younger Dryas. This period
from 12,800 years ago, when we were almost out of the ice age, then we spiked down into it
again. Then for 1200 years, it stays cool. Yeah. And then we spike back up out of it. Warming
period. There's a dramatic cooling. Then 1,200 years later, at 11,600 years ago, there's a
dramatic warming. And then that starts the modern era of climate. That's the beginning of it.
It's still colder, but yeah. So I'll leave pictures in the show notes of this photo, this graph
that's derived from the Greenland ice core samples of the temperature. at that relative to the
time. Yeah. It's pretty crazy. It's super dramatic and very dry. Yeah. You see the graph. It's
there spikes when they say spikes. They mean spikes. Right. So what there's a group of scientists
called the Comet Research Group that has come to that is investigating that onset of the
younger dryness. that point 12,800 years ago. And they have evidence that there was a impact
of a comet or some sort of extraterrestrial body that came into our atmosphere most likely
was a mixture of air bursts and impacts to the northern ice sheet in North America. Which
again, Two miles thick, just for reference. Right, so you're talking an impact on the ice
sheet will release enough energy to just instantly melt the layers of it. miles of ice in a giant
area. Within seconds. Yeah, just instantly. Within seconds, yeah. Which will create ridiculous
floods and that water will. pour down over land into the oceans, raising sea levels. And also
before even any of that, we're talking about the impact itself and the ejecta of the impact.
The ejecta of the impact would go all around the world, starting fires, especially if it
was... So the thing with comets is that they're sort of icy bodies. And you can see this with
the one that we observed, I think it was in the 90s or the early 2000s. the one that hit
Jupiter. Oh, yeah. I think you're talking about the other one. Yeah, I think it was that Shoemaker-Levy.
And you see as it approaches Jupiter, it sort of disintegrates into different chunks. And
that's sort of the idea of what probably happened here, is that as it is approaching and entering
the gravitational influence of Earth, the gravity field and the of the atmosphere, the magnetic
fields start to tear the comet apart. So the smaller pieces will come in and burst in the
air, explode, and pieces that were large enough would be able to go all the way down and impact.
And those would also have a different trajectory than the comet itself because they're being
split from the comet body. So they're hitting Earth in different places. Yeah, so it's like
it's trajectory. Imagine like North America, Canada area getting hit by like a buck shot
from space. Yeah. Yep. And the smaller bits exploding in the air. Each of those explosions
being like essentially nuclear blasts. But not all the smaller bits are exploding in the air.
There's some bigger but smaller bits that are still hitting land probably. Maybe. Yeah. Probably.
I mean, that's part of the theory is that there are some smaller impacts. So we're actually
going to read a paper by the Comet Research Group scientists explaining the Younger Dryas
impact hypothesis. Yeah, we're going to do a quick glance over of some of the other evidence.
And this stuff we're not going to like spend a lot of time supporting because we'll do that
in future episodes. Each of these things that we're going to mention could be a whole episode.
Right. And a lot of the evidence is pretty heavy science stuff that we aren't like experts in
public. You should read the publication and watch and see the videos and look at the pictures.
Reiterate, we are not college graduates. We are dumb. We're not scientists. We're doing
the best of our ability to absorb this information. We love learning about it. But don't think
anything we say is fact. Do your own research. Definitely do your own research. We are the
common observer of science. You know, we are supporters of it and we are skeptics of it.
Right. So some of the other evidence, so well, back on the impact. So you have to imagine
that instant melting of the ice sheet, all of that water jumping in the oceans, shutting
down whatever ocean current is happening. further affecting climate, the air burst impacting
basically nukes in the air, lighting forests all over the place on fire. Yeah, I mean all
the pieces raining down. So the ejecta from the impact is going to shoot back up in the
atmosphere. There's going to be hellfire raining down on Earth and whatever range it might have.
The big obvious question is where's all the evidence of these civilizations? Well, with
a catastrophe like this, We're talking about most of the evidence of them existing is going
to be gone. Yep The best evidence or even like finding cities and stuff, but where do humans
like to make cities? humans always like yeah oceans on the oceans on rivers and When you
all of a sudden have this giant impact and all of this water instantly going into the oceans
Raising the ocean levels. Yep any of those cities are most likely underwater. Yeah. Except for
maybe a few exceptions. Yeah. Look at New York, look at LA, look at San Francisco, look at,
you know, any major city around the world, a lot of them are either on river, major riverways
or on the ocean and where does water like to go? The easiest place it can flow. Riverways
and oceans. Right. So if you have a 400 foot increase of oceans, any of those cities are
going to be long gone underwater. If you have a 400 foot tsunami coming off of an ice sheet
north of North America coming over land, it's going to flow. Anything that was right on the
land there. There's already rivers flowing because there's runoff from those glaciers already
starting from the north coming south. Yeah. So any of those natural already existing rivers
are gonna be a natural flow pattern. So, and I say that only because of eventually that
water has to stop and where a lot of this evidence comes from. And this is, we're not necessarily
gonna get into it today. And I think we're gonna have many episodes on this topic, but that's
where you see a lot of evidence is in. the northern part of United States and southern Canada.
And you see where the riverways are and where evidence of when water was turbulent and it
was flowing heavily. And then when it recedes. You're talking about the stuff that Randal
Carlson goes into with all the erosion patterns in Montana. Yeah, and you see the evidence
of large. So you see, think of the Grand Canyon. in a sense, where you have a giant cavity in
the earth that was carved out of by a river. And the existing river that we see today is
like 1% of the flow that created what you're looking at on earth today. And that's just
we're going to go into that more in detail later. But today. Yeah. So what are the other bits
of evidence that there was some sort of advanced civilization previous. One bit of evidence
is, well, there's a bunch of evidence in Egypt. Egypt is one of the oldest civilizations and
according to the Egyptians themselves, they inherited all of their knowledge from a previous
civilization that was wiped out by a flood, which brings us to the worldwide flood myths.
So it's not just the Bible. And almost cultures all around the world. There's literally hundreds
of cultures who all have flood myths. Yeah. Where the earth is crazy. There was a giant
flood and civilization got wiped out. And then people came either from the skies or from the
oceans and gave them knowledge and taught them civilization over again. And also in a lot
of these flood myths, Good majority of them. There's talk. There's There's evidence or not
evidence, but as I guess is evidence, if you think of mythology as a record of history,
but there's the talks of being warned about this flood. Right. Just like Noah's Ark. Like
Noah's Ark and there's other and even in Greece, there's evidence of like underground cities
that were like... Turkey. Yeah. So yeah, other evidence in Egypt is the Sphinx. So the Sphinx
itself is not a statue built of quarried stone. Instead, it is a statue carved out of the bedrock
stone. So it wasn't piled up and turned into a Sphinx. It was carved down into the Sphinx.
Right, that's important to know. Because there's this enclosure around it where they leveled
some of the rock to make space for like the sides and whatnot. And that's called the Sphinx
enclosure. And so the Sphinx has been repaired multiple times throughout history. And so there's
evidence of there's still heavy weathering on it. But if you look at the enclosure that the
Sphinx was carved out of, there's heavy weathering really heavy weathering. which wasn't really,
which wasn't for the longest time, it wasn't looked at. It was just assumed that it was
the same wind erosion that everything else was. Right, but then Robert Shock takes a trip to
Egypt. Yeah, Robert Shock came along. And he sees it. He came after the work of other people
who came and were more amateur geologists. Right, right. But Robert Schock was a trained geologist,
credentialed, like, mainstream academia geologist. And he sees it in, as a geologist, he sees
this as water erosion, and not just water erosion, thousands of years of water erosion, and the
last of a heavy rainfall water erosion. And the last time Egypt had heavy rainfall was
in the Ice Age. Yeah. When it would have been more like, the terrain that you see there now,
which is mostly desert, would have been forested and would have been agriculture. It was a rainforest
back then. It was literally what you would think of as a rainforest. You know, in today's standards,
like it had all of the trimmings of a rainforest. So it flourished city or flourished rivers
that you would assume there would be cities along because civilization is just gonna move
the resources are. And then you have the stone vases in Egypt. Yeah. And underneath the step
pyramid. So there's a pyramid in Egypt called the step pyramid. It's weird. When you look
at it, it tilts up. And then about halfway up, it starts to tilt at a different angle. So
it almost looks like it was a sunk, like the top part is sunken. But it was actually built
that way.
crazy like boxes. Oh yeah. That's where they found tens of thousands of these stone vases,
which are different than like clay pottery that the Egyptians also did. But these stone vases,
there's people who've done like structured light scanning, 3D scans of them. Recently. Yeah.
Recently you're doing this. With like state of the art aerospace engineering tools to figure
out the precision of them. They are like the vertical and the horizontal are like perfectly
perpendicular. Yep. The uniformity of like the curves are like within less than like that
tense, like what is it? Was it like fractions of a thousandth of an inch, which is like less
than the width of a human hair off. Yep. Precision that we couldn't do with our current technology.
When we only do... Well we could, but it would be crazy expensive. Well the only place we
do that is aerospace and space travel. That's where we use that precision today. And we're
talking about vases. So for more info on that stuff, check out Uncharted X. Uncharted X,
he's doing a lot of work on that. And we'll do some of the episodes on it. Yeah, he's kind
of the mouthpiece for all of the work being done going on. And he's got a YouTube channel,
a website. He talks with the Cosmic Summit and does other talks around the world. And then
you have the Great Pyramid itself, which, again, we'll go into. In short, the Great Pyramid
is within a fraction of a degree of true. North, not magnetic north that you can tell with a
compass. Right. True north. That will take you to the North Pole. 2.3 million stones that
were quarried hundreds of miles away and shipped in.
That was my screensaver. I thought it was the TV turning off. It does that. OK, here we go.
It's just an incredible feat. No one knows how it was done. I mean, it's just in we briefly
mentioned it as long as well as the stone bases in the last episode. But like the Great Pyramid
was very precise. And it was covered in smooth limestone casing blocks. that were just...
Right, and it's supposed to have like a gold capstone and everything. Wouldn't it be quite
the sight? Yeah, and if you look at people's work where they talk about the precision of
it, and we're not talking about precision where we're talking about uniformity, like where
every block was perfectly cut exactly as it needed to be. We're talking about like blocks
that were cut precisely to show how precisely they could cut. Yeah, well, there's different
aspects. So like the parts that you wouldn't see, there's more roughly hewn, but still incredibly
precise, because it has to be, or else once you build up from the top, it won't be a perfect
pyramid shape. Turns into a spiral, it turns into a off-kilter, you know, you know, hill.
Which you can see a lot of evidence of that in later pyramids that weren't as impressive.
Later, yeah, exactly. So then we can shift off of Egypt into the Amazon, where LIDAR scans
there have shown incredible amounts of civilization all through the Amazon. Undiscovered. A lot
of this is just completely undiscovered now. The only reason we know that they're there
is because of the LIDAR scanning. The best estimates, well, rough estimates based just off the LIDAR
scans alone is we're talking like a civilization hundreds of millions of people to have created
all that. Yeah, with the sophistication of, at minimum, I would say, the Roman Empire.
They had aqueducts and sewer systems. They would have been the first civilization that had roads.
Roads, they had sewer systems, they had like full on civilization going on. They had this
incredible soil called terra preta, which is like, rejuvenates itself. that we still can't
mimic today. We still have to use like fertilizers and stuff to rejuvenate our soil, but this
is soil that you can keep growing in over and over and over without having to leave it fallow,
without having to rotate crops. Yeah, and you can put it down over on unfertilized ground
and mix it in and have it start to grow. Like you can create, and that's the idea of what
the rainforest, the... Amazon jungle was created by like yeah people say like the Amazon was
just like Just the overgrown Their farmland. Yeah, like they Probably made it but because
of how much terra prata they used on everything and then you have Baalbek in Lebanon, which
has the Roman temple of Jupiter on top of it but that that Roman temple is sitting on these
three massive stones that are each over a thousand tons. That's insane. And then there's another
one that was found way later. It was only discovered like maybe I forget exactly when, but like
recently in the last couple hundred years maybe where it's another one of those stones still
in the quarry, but it's 1200 tons. It's even bigger. Yeah. They almost bit off more than
they could chew or they just unfinished. Or something happened and then yeah, they couldn't
finish the project. Yeah. Then you got Gobekli Tepe and all the tepes in Turkey. So you may
have heard of Gobekli Tepe, but there's actually tons of these tepes that have been discovered
now. And Gobekli Tepe means... Very few of them have been excavated. There's just Gobekli Tepe,
Karahan Tepe, but there's like another Two dozen of them discovered. And they're all generally
in the same area. Yeah, and Gobekli Tepe is dated to exactly around, right around the end
of the Ice Age at 11,600 years. It was deliberately buried. It's incredible, high relief carving.
So it's these huge stone pillars, T-shaped pillars. with animals and constellations and all this
stuff carved in. But it's high relief. So normal carving of an animal. Just carve into the stone
to make the picture, like a 2D image on the stone. Yeah, normally you would like, I'm going
to draw a cat. So you draw the outline and then you chisel out the in between. That's low relief.
Poke a little hole for an eye. High relief is you. take that shape of the cat and you carve
out around it. So what you leave is the cat sticking out. That means this. Sorry. Which
is much harder. That stone was bigger and they had to remove all the stone around what became
a 3D image stone statue on a statue on a megalithic pillar. Like that's just. I mean, we don't
do that kind of stuff now. And the amount of leisure time and division of labor we have
now, you would assume people would be doing that somewhere in some corner of the world.
Yeah. But we don't do that even do that now.
There's another interesting piece of evidence, which is that Graham Hancock talks about this
in his book America Before, which is the idea of,
religion surrounding death and the mythology around death. They talk about like when you
die, you travel across the Milky Way to this particular constellation. And in some of the
Native American tribes in America have very similar stories with similar deities, similar
stops along the way in your afterlife that you travel across the Milky Way and you end up
in that same constellation. which is such a weird commonality that doesn't seem like it
could just happen. Yeah, especially across the entire globe. Yeah. Well, yeah. Having similar
known mythologies. No scholars thought that the ancient Egyptians had contact with the
Native Americans. Right. But if there was a civilization before that was worldwide, And
that was part of their religion that survived and morphed into the Egyptian and into the
Native Americans. Once everything got wiped out and that's like the remnants of their religion,
it would make sense. Sure.
I'm just going to breeze over this one because it was from a book I read a long time ago and
I don't remember the details but we'll have to do that as like a book report later. It's
from this book called Civilization I and it essentially talks about all the different measurement
systems all over the world and how they're all related and when you do like analysis on them
it basically points to them all coming from a similar source. system, which is really interesting.
That is fascinating. Yeah. I haven't heard that. Anyway, we're right about time for another
break here. So yeah, let's do that. And then maybe we'll start with the paper after that.
Yeah, we can go over that paper after that. So have fun, guys. Listen to music, and we'll
be back.
Welcome back to Duality Check. Hello.
So we have pulled up. We're going to go into this paper. Yeah. So you can find this. I'll
put it in the show notes. But you can find this and more like it at the Comet Research Group.
Yeah, in their citations and links section. Yeah, at the top of their page, they have a
link for scientific publications. And we're reading from the first article there. And we'll
probably go over a number of these, as long as they just don't feel like we're talking
about the same thing over and over and over and over. Well, I did breeze through a lot
of these. And the first one kind of is the overview. Yeah. So if you read the first one, you're
going to get a good overview of the majority of what is going to be referenced in the further
articles. Or like, A lot of those further articles are more like specializations of what is overviewed.
So this is published at the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. That's the PNAS
journal. Yeah, I wasn't going to get that. So I'm glad you knew. PNAS, which does not say
that fast. Don't say that slow. Yeah. The paper is tied to us.
The paper is titled, Evidence for an Extraterrestrial Impact 12,900 Years Ago that Contributed to
the Megafonil Extinctions and the Younger Dryas Cooling. There we go. Do you want to read the
abstract or you want me to read the I'll read the abstract. Okay This is by rb firestone
Alan west jp kennett js wall back And at all, yeah, so this is the abstract for it A carbon
rich black layer dating to 12,900 years ago That's a thousand years ago
900 years ago. Yeah. Yeah, that's what I said. Anyway, has pre if I didn't know has been previously
identified at 50 Clovis age sites across North America and appears contemporaneous with the
abrupt onset of younger dry as cooling. The in situ bones of extinct Pleistocene megafauna
along with Clovis tool Clovis. tool assemblages occur below this black layer but not within
or above it. Causes for the extinctions, Younger Dryas cooling, and termination of Clovis cultures
have long been controversial. In this paper we provide evidence for an extraterrestrial
ET impact event at 12.9
environmental changes that contributed to younger dry ice cooling, referred to in the article
as Y.D. Major ecological reorganization, broad scale extinctions, and rapid human behavioral
shifts at the end of the Clovis period. Clovis aged sites in North American are overlaying
by thin Discrete layer with overlay with varying peak abundances of magnetic grains or iridium
magnetic microspherules hang on so Let's review that real quick. So 12.9 thousand years ago
Clovis age sites so at twelve point nine thousand years ago There was a culture in North America
called the Clovis people the Clovis people And you can still, there's all these like spirit
or arrowheads and spear points and artifacts. And you can even, some people even find them
just out in the wild. Yeah, I mean, so people in Texas, it's all over North America. Yeah,
I mean, there's people all over North America finding Clovis age spear points and tips and
this predates Native Americans. But there's certain Clovis sites that are like really well
dated. at that layer 12,9000 years ago. And that is the abrupt onset of the youngest dry
ice cooling. So there's people living in North America, the Clovis, 12,9000 years ago when
this cooling happens. Yeah. And North America, to be clear, the majority of it is ice. At
that point, yeah. Only the southern portions of the continent are. At the onset of the YD,
you had the massive cooling. Yeah. And yeah, that's the... Yeah, the cooling, which, you
know, evidence for that is what they go on to talk about. It says, the Clovis age sites in
North America are overlaid by a thin, discrete layer with varying peak abundances of... what
they go on to talk about as proxy evidence. Right, so that's magnetic grains with iridium.
magnetic microspherules, charcoal, soot, carbon spherules, glass-like carbon containing nano-diamonds.
and fullerenes with ET helium, all of which are evidence for an ET impact and associated
biomass burning at 12,9000 years ago. Yeah, that's where you get this charcoal, the carbon
spherules, like a lot of these like high temperature proxy evidence that they talk about. Yeah.
This layer also extends throughout at least 15 Carolina Bays. So they don't explain what
the Carolina Bays are here, but for people who haven't heard of them. All across, they're
called the Carolina Bays because they're out there in the Carolinas, but it's that whole
like Eastern seaboard. Yeah, you find it in other states too. And there's also some in
Nebraska. Yeah, some of the Midwest states. Midwest over there. Yeah. I think that's, yeah.
And the cool thing about those,
The Carolina Bays is their
ellipse-shaped depressions in the Earth. And some of them are like Swampland and stuff now.
But they're pretty uniform, the shape. Yeah. Just not the size. They're like a really clean
ellipse. And because it's an ellipse, there's a long direction and a short direction. And
you can draw a line through the long direction to see where that ellipse points to. Right.
And if you do that on a map for each of these ellipses all across the eastern seaboard, they
all point in the same direction, which is like the Great Lakes region. Yeah, that's the origin
zone, if you will, like where all of the points coincide. So that's what they're talking about
here in this paper. So they're talking about all these different sites from Clovis, and
they're talking about 15 of these Carolina bays as sites. Where they're showing some of that
evidence, right? Right. So they're finding all these proxies, the microspherules, the fullerene,
the carbon, soot, charcoal, all that stuff. But they're finding all those in that layer
at all those sites. And that is important because if you talk about an extra And only where you
see evidence of impact do you see the evidence. Where the originating point is in the general
area plus all the places where all the ejectic kind of lands. Right, you go to that 12.9 layer
at any of these sites, you'll find the black mat. The black mat, yeah, exactly. I think
they'll cover here pretty soon. They go on here in the abstract. to, they say, we propose that
one or more large, low-density ET objects exploded over northern North America, partially destabilizing
the Laurentide ice sheet and triggering Younger Dry's cooling. The shockwave, thermal pulse,
and event-related environmental effects. such as extensive biomass burning and food limitations
contributed to end Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions and adaptive shifts among paleo-Americans in
North America. So yeah, I mean, that talks about what the impacts of the continent were. Right,
so we all have at least heard of these like. Ice age mammals that used to live here in North
America, the woolly mammoths, the saber tooth tigers, there's the ground sloths. The ground
sloths, epic. Yeah, there's these giant beavers. Just massive stuff that you find really only
in Asia and South America or like Africa. Africa, Africa still has the animals like this. Well,
they have the biggest with the not on them in Asia do. Right, but North America lost a lot
of our large... All of, you know, above a certain weight class, all of them, besides the oceans.
Right. But those aren't, you know, North American specific. I think they get into that here,
right? Is that a different thing we read before? That's the abstract. So then we get into the
article here. If you want to read that first part. A carbon rich black layer dating to 12.9
thousand years ago, that's 12,900 calendar years before present. It has been identified by C.V.
Haynes Jr. at over 50 sites across North America as black mats, carbonaceous silts, or dark
organic clays. The age of the base of this black layer coincides with the abrupt onset of younger
driest cooling. Yeah. Which there is no evidence for either in situ, extinct megaphonal remains,
or Clovis artifacts. Increasing evidence suggests that the extinction of many mammalian and avian
taxa occurred abruptly, perhaps catastrophically, at the onset of the YD. And this extinction
was pronounced in North America where at least 35 mammal genera disappeared. including three
mammoths, mastodons, ground sloths, horses, camels, along with birds and smaller mammals.
Yeah, I forgot about the North American horses. Mm-hmm. Yeah, that there were horses here before.
And they were distinctly different. They were distinctly different too, because they had
adapted to our megafaunal and to any other source. I wonder what that was like. I need to read
on some of the Native American histories. Because I wonder if any of them had like cultural memories
of the horses. So that when they saw them come back in. Yep. Yeah, I don't know if he gets
into it specifically, but. Because I think the Spanish and the Europeans brought horses back
here. Yeah. It's a Dan something. He's an author and he wrote the book. He was on Joe Rogan's
podcast. He was a Dan something. He wrote the book. The Hardcore History guy? No, no, not
Dan Carlin.
looking at real quick. But yeah, talk about the megafauna real quick. Yeah, so at Murray
Springs, Arizona, a well-known Clovisite, mammoth bones, and Clovis age stone tools lie directly
beneath the black layer, where as described by Haynes, the sudden extinction of the Pleistocene
megafauna would be dramatically revealed by explaining that all were gone in an instant
before the black mat was deposited. It was Dan Flores. Dan Flores. So he's a writer and historian
specializing in cultural and environmental study of the American West, with most recent book
being Wild New World, the epic story of animals and people in America. He talks about the animals?
He talks about, he's done a lot of work on it. I don't know if his book specifically goes
into it, but yeah, he definitely has talked about the. North American mammals and like,
you know, he has done some of the work and talks about it. I'm not sure how credentialed he
is in exactly like this era of mega funnel, but he definitely talks about it on Joe Rogan's
podcast, gets into it a bit cause he has a differing opinion on the. Maybe there's another guy too
I'm mixing in with him, but he definitely talks about it. He doesn't believe in like the ancient
civilizations. Well, he believes in like the overkill theory. Oh, he believes overkill.
Yeah. Yeah, so it's still controversial right now, and that's actually what we're going to
go on in the paper. That's the next paragraph. But yeah, like scientists, some of them are
of the opinion that it was humans that killed off. these animals. They do attribute climate
change, but they attribute climate change in a gradual sense. Right. They don't attribute
it to a cat. It's called the overkill hypothesis, because it's humans that are killing. Doing
the majority. Right. But it doesn't really fit all the evidence if you look at it worldwide.
Because there's worldwide extinctions of megafauna at the same time. At different levels. At different
levels with the epicenter, like the highest concentration being North America. Yeah, which
would make sense when if what this paper is suggesting is true that there was a ET event
that collided with Earth. The cause of this extinction has long been debated and remains
highly controversial in part to the limitations of available data but also because the two
major competing hypotheses human overkill and abrupt cooling fall short of explaining many
observations. For example, Grayson and Meltzer summarize serious problems with the overkill
hypothesis, such as the absence of kill sites for 33 genera of extinct animals, including
camels, sloths. In addition, well, let's talk about that real quick. So we don't have kill
sites of humans hunting. camels and sloths, which makes sense. Like there's better prey
out there and probably better meat. Yeah, if you think about like meat to effort, like a
scale of meat to effort, you're probably gonna go with the mastodons because they're slower,
they're probably easier to- And maybe we prefer the meat too. And the meat's probably better.
Right. Yeah. It would probably be a really fatty. Yeah, you'd probably live off it for a long
time. And I'm sure they had, especially in the ice age, you can think of a way to refrigerate
meat. Right. That's funny. I never thought about that. And they had fire. We know they had fire.
So you've refrigerated it in the ice and then you pull it out and they probably... Which
makes sense though. We don't hunt everything. You know? No, that's true. And what other people
talk about are like how hunter-gatherers that we know that exist on the planet now, like
they don't overkill their prey. And even in past, they don't overkill their prey unless
they're... Well, and we didn't have the population. Some of the populations of some of these animals,
like way outnumbered humans. Exactly. And especially when taken all together to a degree that it
doesn't make sense that humans could kill them all. Like humans are still kind of small fry
at this point. I mean, I guess it depends on the time frame that we're talking about, though.
Because if we're talking about... you know, it depends on the gestational period of the
prey, because if you're killing them at a certain timeframe where they're about to have a baby,
but they don't, you know, like there's a lot of factors actually in hunting and like what
it takes to overkill something, because if you're talking about something that takes two years
to gestate, obviously, I don't know, but there are things that take a while. I can agree with
overkill to a certain degree. Like we know elephants take a long time. Yeah, like imagine this as
like a variation where overkill can turn into its own argument against it. because overkill
makes more sense after a cataclysm where most of everything just got wrecked and anyone who
survived is really gonna have to like worry about food. Yeah. So at that point, whatever
survivors, it can seem a little more reasonable that overkill is a hypothesis for like finishing
them off. For sure, yeah. I mean, that makes sense if they're already teetering. But that
still doesn't work for some of these animals where there's no kill sites for like camels
and sloths. Well, there is evidence of like a large group of mastodons or woolly mammoths
that all died with like broken legs. There was like a certain place where they found a bunch
of fossils. That's in Alaska. You get a lot of that. And I don't know about the ones like
in Russia, like in Siberia. Yeah, it's almost like they were all hit with something big.
And one time they broke their legs, you know, like a shockwave wave would do based on the
mass of the thing it's hitting. It's going to do more and more damage. Yeah. All right, so
in addition, although abrupt cooling episodes of magnitudes similar to the YD occurred often
during the past 80,000 years, none are known to be associated with major extinctions. The
possibility of pandemic diseases also has been suggested, but there's no evidence for that
in the Pleistocene record. Plus the end Pleistocene extinction event is unique within the late
Quaternary. and is unlikely to have resulted from only climate cooling and human overkill.
The extinctions were too broad and ecologically deep to support these hypotheses. Yeah. I mean,
that makes sense. I mean, if they don't pandemic disease, if I was thinking about it, it would
be a long, slow thing. Like, unless it was like, I guess it could have been a super killer or
super whatever. Yeah. But it could also be associated because we actually have record of like the
cooling periods. There was like the medieval cooling and the medieval warming period. the
little ice age. Yeah. And it is when pandemics happened.
Anyway, extraterrestrial catastrophes also have been proposed. For example, La Violette suggests
that a large explosion in our galactic core led to the extinctions. Breakin' Ridge postulated
that a supernova killed the megafauna and caused the worldwide deposition of the black layer.
of the torrid meteor stream and comet Enki. Although ET events have long been proposed
as triggers for mass extinctions, such as the KT at 65 million years ago, and the PT at 250
million years ago. What are those referring to again? So the KT event at 65 million years
ago, that's the comet that killed the dinosaurs. Right. And then the PT was 250 million years
ago. So that's even further back that we have no idea. Well, like, yeah, I'm sure, I think
there's a fossil record for the animals before that too, but. Is it more dinosaurs? I don't
know when dinosaurs started actually. I don't think they got hit twice. I think the dinosaurs
took over after maybe the dinosaurs Restarted their civilization multiple times, maybe That's
why the reptilians are so mad because they keep getting hit by comics Right there the yeah
next paragraph in the 1990s w topping discovered magnetic microspherules and other possible
ET evidence and sediment at the Ganey Paleo-American site in Michigan. And Loft, Lead, and Bye reported
that Late Pleistocene glacial drift contained similar cosmic spherules. We now report substantial
additional data from multiple well-dated stratigraphic sections across North America supporting a
major ET air burst or collision near 12.9 thousand years ago. directly beneath the black mat.
Where present, we found a thin sedimentary layer containing high concentrations of magnetic
microspherules and grains, nanodiamonds, iridium at above background levels, and fullerenes
containing ET helium. These indicators are associated with charcoal, soot, carbon spherules, and
glass-like carbon, all of which suggest intense wildfires. Most of these markers are associated
with previously recorded impacts, but a few are atypical of impact events. We identify
this layer as the YD boundary. We refer to this incident as the YD event. Yeah, that's given
some more clarity to the way they use the evidence and word it. It's just establishing. our turn
for the YD event. What we're talking about is this thing 12,900 years ago where there's a
black mat and where below that you find iridium, carbon, and all this stuff. Yeah. I'll read
this next piece. Yeah. At the site studied independent radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescent
dates that tend to cluster near 13,000 years ago. were used to establish the age of the
YDB, the Younger Dryas Boundary Layer. For example, the end Clovis stratum is well dated at Murray
Springs, Arizona. Eight dates averaging 10.89 calendar years, right? Or no, or calendar 12.9
thousand years ago. That's right. And the nearby Lanner site. dates averaging 10.94 calendar
year or 12.93 thousand years ago. Haynes correlated the base of the mat with the onset of Younger
Dryas cooling, dated to 12.9 thousand years ago in the GISP Icecore Greenland sample. And
there's a figure there. So if you want to, so therefore they, so therefore they, we, yeah,
they have adopted the calendar age of 12.9 give or take a thousand, a hundred years for the
YD event. So yeah, 12.9 give or take a hundred years for the younger dry us. Um, and there's
a lot of sites that show. And. have confirmed this. And this is all publicly, this is all
scientific publications. You can look at 12,9000 years ago in any established site across the
world and you see as long like within proximity of North America and radially outward to a
lesser degree, you can see these proxies. And keep in mind that this event didn't entirely
destroy the ice sheet, therefore finding a giant crater, like everybody wants to find when they're
looking at this stuff, is really, like two mile thick of ice, and you're talking about something
that probably went, you know, I don't know. I don't know if it penetrated or not, maybe
it did. Maybe it did, and maybe pieces of it remain, like portions of it. If it did, you
would expect to see a crater though. Yeah, but what about the Great Lakes? Right. Yeah, and
you got the Carolina Bays that are not. I think the Great Lakes themselves might be interesting
to look at. Right, because we mentioned earlier. As we contributed by this event. Right, or
at least they're a remnant of it. Yeah. Even if they existed before, they would have been
expanded probably by it. You know? Yeah, most likely, because you've got to think they were
also elliptical. But I think it's already thought that it was the Ice Age and the glaciers that
carved them out. But it. wouldn't hurt to have a little help along with that glacier being
punched in by a comet. Right, and how many times, if at all, do they know that the ice remained
where it was, right? It could have receded and gone back. Yeah, they have a lot of evidence
for different portions of that. I think you can tell it from like the sediment layers.
Right. But yeah, we can keep going here. We've. We propose that the YD event resulted from
multiple ET air bursts along with surface impacts. We further suggest that catastrophic effects
of this ET event and associated biomass burning led to the abrupt YD cooling, contributed to
the late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction, promoted human cultural changes, and led to
immediate decline in some post-Clovis human populations. And that's it. is referring to
the fact that there is a steep decline in the human cultures at that layer. Yeah, the activity
of them, the activity of them, what you would have assumed to have seen at the time. You
lose all that evidence. There's nothing after it. And I think it goes on to talk about how
It was how abrupt it was with a lot of this evidence. Right.
Yeah, next they talk about the research sites.
And then they've got this table on the markers. and images and measurements from the black
matte layer. Yeah, you really should go check out this PNAS website.
Anyway, we are past due for a break here, so we'll be back. It's really flying in a little
bit. Yeah, it really is. Enjoy. See you in a minute.
you you
Resurrection
So we are back. Yeah. So we're going to skip ahead in the paper. There's a bunch of really
ultra nerdy, but they go over each of the impact proxies in each section in more detail. With
pictures and tables. They show the carbon like glass, the carbon's fuels. Yep. All the different
deposits they talk about the so the charcoal iridium and nickel is really interesting to
me because there's only so much iridium like built into like the core of like Earth that
came together as part of the planet because it's one of the elements, right? So there's
so much of it as a certain abundance in the crust. And at this layer, you see an overabundance.
of that iridium, which is a clear indicator of an extraterrestrial object, not a home,
like home earth generated effect. Right, and even if it was, it would have to have been
like a volcano or something that spewed it. Right. That would have offset the- Volcanoes
can spew iridium at higher levels of concentration, but the higher levels aren't as high as what
they find with Right. And even if they were as high, they aren't found in the nature of
how they found these things. Right. Because this was a prehistoric thing. Right. Even still,
you would have found, you would have seen the volcano before you saw the process. It's just
the signature of volcanoes and the signatures of comets, as far as they're iridium, they're
different because they're a different level. Okay. So yeah, it covers a lot of the evidence.
It has different examples. These magnetic microspherals are pretty cool. They are pretty cool. I've
seen a demonstration of this where they actually take a magnet against some of the dirt, and
they pull the stuff out, and then they look at it with their microscope or whatever. A
lot of you have witnessed it where you put a magnet on dirt, and things come up. Yeah. So
it's not. Then there's this part with fullerenes and ET helium. This is another weird stuff.
So yeah, so fullerenes and ET helium. That's like another one of these proxies that is evidence
that it's from an extraterrestrial impact. Specifically. Because ET helium, it's an isotope of helium
that doesn't occur on Earth. It occurs on comets. Is it helium 3? I don't know. I think they
named it earlier. They probably didn't name it earlier. Anyway, it's one of the isotopes.
Helium ratio that is 84 times that of the air. Yeah, so they're hollow. Oh, that's what it
is. Fullerenes, they're hollow. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. So anyway, after they go into each of
these. Did you talk about the sediment there about it? Mm-hmm. They go into more detail
about the IR anomaly. Yeah, we can skip into the nature of the event. Yeah, the nature of
the event. So this will actually just give you a little more visual of what the thing happening
was like. OK. You want to start, Eric? Yeah, I'll start the first paragraph here.
The evidence points to an ET event with continent-wide effects, especially biomass burning, but the
size, density, and composition of the impactor are poorly understood. Even so, current data
suggests that this impactor was very different from well-studied iron, stony, and chondritic
impactors. For example, the KT boundary. The evidence is more consistent with an impactor
that was carbon-rich, nickel-iron-poor, and therefore most likely a comet. Although the
current geologic and geochemical evidence is insufficient to fully understand impact dynamics,
we can offer speculation for future work. So, Toon et al suggests that an impact capable
of continent-wide damage requires energy of 10 to the 7th megatons, equivalent to an impact
by a larger than 4 kilometer wide comet. Although an impactor that size typically leaves an obvious
large crater, no such late Pleistocene crater has been identified. The lack of a crater may
be due to prior fragmentation of a larger impact. they're producing multiple air bursts or craters.
Hypervelocity, oblique impacts experiments indicate that low impedance surface layers, such as
an ice sheet, can markedly reduce modification of the underlying substrate if the layer is
equal to the projectile's diameter. Yeah, that's what I was suggesting earlier. Yeah. Yeah,
and that says specifically the Laurentide ice sheet. Mm-hmm. So basically if it's two miles
thick, yeah, and After the four kilometer thing broke up, right we're talking in different
units here. So that's a little awkward. Yeah, but Looking up that we have the internet now.
Yeah, I'm not doing your conversions So as long as the piece that hits is not two miles big
right then It won't necessarily leave an impression on the thing below the ice. And especially
because they say if a two kilometer, the results suggest that if a multiple two kilometer object
struck the two kilometer thick Laurentide ice sheet at 30 degrees, less than 30 degrees,
they may have left negligible traces after deglaciation. Thus, lasting evidence. may have been limited
to enigmatic depressions or disturbances in the Canadian shield, e.g. under the Great Lakes
or Hudson Bay, while producing marginal or no shock effects and dispersing fine debris composed
of the impactor, ice sheets, detritus, and underlying crust. Yeah, they named the Great Lakes and
Hudson Bay there. I mean, those are elliptical too. Look at every single one of those Great
Lakes. Right? Yeah. Well, no. They're all pretty elliptical in a sense. Yeah. But they're elliptical.
I don't know. I might be just seeing things. That might just be the nature of lakes. I mean,
some just look like flooded rivers, like reservoirs. Yeah, I guess that's true. But those aren't
natural. So they go on to say, Tune-A-Tal. Is that how you say it? Yeah. So the scientist
named Tune at all. So that's all the people he's working with. Toon et al. also noted that
if airbursts explode with energy of 10 to the 7th megatons at optimal height they will cause
blast damage over an area the size of North America that is equivalent to a ground impact
of 10 to the 9th megatons. Such airbursts effectively couple the impactor's kinetic energy with the
atmosphere or surface. producing devastating blast waves well above Hurricane Force. I don't
know how to express that, but. Hurricane Force, which is 70 meters per second to the negative
one, I don't know what that is. Yeah, yeah, anyway. In 1908 at Tunguska, Siberia, a object
less than 150 meters in diameter, either a carbonaceous asteroid or a small burned out comet. produced
a less than 15 megaton air burst with an intense fireball, which was 10 to the seventh degree
centigrade that scorched two kilometer, 200. 200 kilometers squared of trees and leveled
2000 kilometers squared of forest yet produced no crater or shock metamorphism. A debris shower
from a heavily fragmented comet would have produced an airburst barrage that was similar to, although
exponentially larger than, Tunguska, while causing continent-wide biomass burning and ice sheet
disruption, but again, possibly without typical cratering. Right, so... Dang.
So you can have an incredible blast that lights hell shit on fire, flattens hell shit, and
doesn't leave your crater. Yeah, that's what it's saying. Well, typical crater. Because
it's an air burst. Right. That's what they're calling it. So there's an air burst, which
means it doesn't hit the ground. And each of those air burst blasts is like more than a
hurricane force. Yeah, yep. And it's what was it? 10 to the ninth megatons. Mm-hmm. That's
a ground impact. Yeah. What was the?
Yeah, 10 megatons. Yeah, OK. Yeah. Yeah, so there is the there's some pictures. I don't
know if they're actual photos or there are just renderings of the flattened trees. Those real
pictures. Those are real pictures. Yeah. So it's good. Yeah. So those are went and took
pictures. It was 2008. So cameras were new. Shoddy. Yeah. At best. But yeah, there's a
picture of trees flattened in all directions. Over what looks like the center of. an air
burst that didn't hit the ground but caused a shockwave and flattened everything within
the square miles. Look at this. I'll save some of these pictures. I don't know if that's just
a natural hill but it does kind of look like the edge. Okay it looks like a natural hill
because it's kind of rolling there. Yeah. Yeah, I mean, it's, you know, every except for the
odd strongest tree in the world that does stand up still. Yeah, there's one standing up. It's
got another tree wrapped around it. You see that? Yeah, it's a curled around it because
of the super how hot it probably was. Dude, it looks like you took a bunch of trees and
just bent it like you heated up, like you would do with like a copper pipe. You heat it up
and you can bend it. Yeah, that's crazy. Dude, Tunguska is nuts. Yeah, we'll post some of
these in the notes. Any animals over there just vaporized. Gone. Pink mist, as they say. Yeah.
Pink mist, yeah. It's gross. Yeah, sorry for that visual. Environmental effects. The YD
event would have created a devastating high temperature shockwave. with extreme overpressure
followed by underpressure, resulting in intense winds traveling across North America at hundreds
of kilometers per hour, accompanied by powerful impact-generated vortices. In addition, whether
single or multiple objects collided with Earth, a hot fireball would have immersed the region
near the impacts and would have been accentuated if the impact angles were oblique. For comparisons,
Fetlov, Calculated that Tunguska sized air burst would immerse the ground with a radiation flux
severe enough to ignite 200 square kilometers of force within seconds Within seconds, dude,
dude Yeah, that's like taking a... Just look at the place you live, draw a line around it,
pull it up on Google Maps, draw a line around it of 200 kilometers. What's that miles? This
is not gonna be a regular thing. We're not gonna convert it, but we wanna know. That's 125 miles.
So we're in Sacramento. That would easily encompass the San Francisco Bay area. and most of the
way out to Nevada. Yep, gone. Yeah. Gone. And pretty high north, pretty high south. Like
the Bay Area is gone. That's just incinerated though. Like that's not talking about the After
Effects. Right, that's just incinerated in seconds. Yeah. Holy.
That's intense. Wow. Thus, multiple larger air bursts would have ignited many thousands of
square kilometers at greater distances. At greater distances... What? I was just thinking of what
that would have looked like on an ice sheet, right? If you do that same thing, right? You
put where we live in the center of a glacier. If you have the energy to instantly incinerate
200 square miles of trees, if you do that over an ice sheet... how much of that ice sheet
would be instantly liquefied and then the pressure wave causing cracking and like bursting out.
You know what? Just since we kind of visualize and talk through that a bit, what if what happened,
it happened and there was water sent up into the, which would have caused a I guess what
I was trying to say is what if it caused like a giant lake, right? Like what if it hit central
enough to where it caused like a vaporization and like a big thing, but like the glacier
still remained. I don't know. I guess if it was that big, I mean, part of it would cause
a lot of the evidence does point to like a slow process, slowish. Well, the thing is, when
you measure in geological terms, you only have accuracy plus or minus like sometimes thousands
or millions of years. Right. And so when you do see a change, you, if the change is basically
instant, but your, your margin of error isn't as big as that instant, then you don't have
like the resolution to tell how fast it happened. Right. You can just tell that it happened in
that time period. Right. Yeah, so that means that it is possible that something like this
could have happened and it caused like a giant lake in the middle of this glaciated field.
And eventually the pressure pushed it. Yeah, but you have to take into account the rest
of the evidence, the energy from the explosion through the air, the hurricane force winds,
the heat. Okay, it was just a thought. I was just. Yeah. I mean, a smaller one. Maybe. Sure,
sure. Yeah. And it probably did happen. And maybe there was some of those. Yeah, it probably
did happen. Because it sounds like this was a comet that broke into pieces. And so you
would have some air burst and maybe some ground impacts. Right. And since we know they actually
didn't fully immediately disappear, that's still to go. Anyway. Right. Because we still have,
like, in Greenland, the ice core samples. Right. So whatever didn't fully obliterate Greenland.
Yep. But it probably obliterated the part around North America and caused like a mega flood.
Yeah. Okay, we'll continue now. I think we're- Where were we? I think we're almost done with
that paragraph. If we're not done with it, we're at the very end. Cause you said ignited thousands
of square miles in seconds. Yeah. At greater distances, the re-entry of high-speed superheated
ejecta, the re-entry, would have induced extreme wildfires, which would have decimated forests
and grasslands. Right. It wasn't necessarily the thing itself right when it happened. It
was once it shot up into the atmosphere and it rained down on Earth. You imagine a drop
of water hitting in water. The water blips out in the splash pattern. You will get... Essentially
a splash pattern of the earth when it gets hit. Yep. Because you're hitting the ice sheet.
With such force. Yeah, it's the ice. But there's multiple impactors also igniting the air around
those forests and stuff. Yep. Yeah, so it's like a. Anything under the umbrella of the
initial blast is going to be hit with rain fire, hellfire. Yeah. Decimating forests and grasslands,
destroying the food supplies of herbivores and producing charcoal, soot, toxic fumes and ash.
The number of ET airbushes or impacts necessary to induce the continent-wide environmental
collapse at 12,9000 years ago is unknown. But we're talking continent wide. You see this
black matte layer where some of the black mattes are charcoal. Some of the black mattes are
the impactor stuff and algae. Microsperils and all that. Yeah. So yeah, some of the reason
it's black in some areas is charcoal. But in other areas, it's actually algae. Right. And
a lot of the areas, it's not necessarily even black at all. It's just a layer of. disturbed
ground that deposited on what was at the time the bedrock, the matrix of the ground itself,
which was then crushed down and to make this layer that we see today. Then it goes into
climate changes that would be associated with it. A number of impact-related effects most
likely contributed to the abrupt major cooling. at the onset of the YD and its maintenance
for over a thousand years. Cooling mechanisms operating on shorter timescales may have included
ozone depletion, causing shifts in atmospheric systems in response to cooling with the side
effects of allowing increased deadly UV radiation to reach the survivors on the surface.
and other toxic chemicals from the impact in widespread wildfires, all of which may have
led to cooling by blockage of sunlight with the side effects of diminished photosynthesis
for plants, increased chemical toxicity for animals and plants, and injection of large
amounts of water, vapor, and ice into the upper atmosphere to form persistent cloudiness and...
Noctilucent? Noctilucent clouds. That's a cool word. That is a cool word. But I want to just
stop there for a second and imagine what it was like. Because humans lived through this.
Yeah. Humans in North America, because we've got the Clovis sites. We know that. We still
have people in North America afterwards, but it took time to recover. Yeah. No, but imagine
being one of those people that survived this. And being under not-dilucent clouds and super-future
to ejecta. Assuming means blocking all sunlight. Yeah. So you got persistent cloudiness in the
upper atmosphere, water vapor in large amounts, you got toxic chemicals, diminished photosynthesis.
Right. I mean, you're talking about like- Even if you survive the initial impact and the heat
burst, like then the sun's not gonna come out, barely any plants are gonna grow, a bunch of
animals are gonna die because there's not enough plants to eat, a bunch of, that will cause-
more ability for us to overhunt and further extinct other animals. Also, it would obviously
fuck up any of us that lived in those areas. Yeah. I mean, we're everybody after that point
is vitamin D deficient. Right. You barely can scrounge any plants. The hunting is going to
be sparse. And the air is toxic. So you probably have to find a way to live underground if you
can live on the surface at all. Right. I mean, in what you're doing, if you're maybe if you're
on like the other side of the planet, you're forced to move to a place where it's habitable.
Yeah. Because what's interesting is if you look at like all the analysis of this time and other
continents, like Australia was the least impacted. They still lost a bunch of their megafauna,
but like 25% compared to like the 80% for North America. Right. That's way less. And yeah.
So like the climate event would have killed animals and plants all over the world, but
the immediate like burst damage would have killed even more, like way incredibly more in the
immediate area like North America. Yeah, of course. Yeah, it just makes sense. And especially
the humans that were left alive trying to survive and hunting anything they could find to feed
themselves. And obviously there were species that survived, but... Oh, interesting. What
does it say? This is on the climate. Where did you stop? I'll pick up from there. Although
these cooling mechanisms tend to be short-lived, do we do that? They can trigger long-term consequences
through feedback mechanisms. For example, the noctilucent clouds can reduce solar... insulation
at high latitudes, increasing snow accumulation, and causing further cooling in a feedback loop.
The largest potential effect would have been impact-related partial destabilization. destabilization
and or melting of the ice sheet. In the short term, this would have suddenly released melt
water and rafts of icebergs into the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans, lowering surface ocean salinity
with consequent surface cooling. Longer term cooling effects largely would have resulted
from the consequent weakening of the thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic, sustaining
YD cooling for over a thousand years until feedback mechanisms restored ocean circulation. Yeah,
so there had to have been a check at some point. It would have kept going, but there was a natural
feedback mechanism that finally restored the circulation. So if you've seen a bunch of global
warming type... stuff they'll talk about. Or if you watch the day after tomorrow. Or just
like any documentary that'll talk about the ocean and climate and stuff, they'll talk about
like the conveyor, like the ocean current that goes across the whole world. So if you drop
a bunch of fresh water, glaciers melting all of a sudden into the oceans, that change of
salinity will screw up those currents all across the world, and it can shut down that ocean
current. The regularity of the. Because we all know that oceans have a play a major role in
climate. Right. And they change the current. The temperature from the equator up to the
Arctic and back. Yep. And it's a big loop that it does. It distributes the temperature. Otherwise,
you would have even more cooling up north and even more heating in the equatorial region
because that heat isn't transferring as easily. Yeah. I mean, if you think about like a hot
tub and you dump a bunch of ice water in it, it's gonna disrupt the current. It's gonna,
you know, it'll just do some things, but. Right. Yeah, you're talking about a bunch of ice water
being dumped in, fresh ice water being dumped into the oceans. Right, because like the middle
of it's being heated by the sun, but it spreads north and it warms those oceans while the.
cold water comes back and cools these oceans. So it keeps it all more temperate. You shut
down the current. Oceans become hotter and then colder up north and the colder oceans up north
create more ice formations. The change in like the difference of pressure is gonna cause crazier
wind storms and storm like formations. Like hurricanes would form super easily because
you're gonna have like the. high pressure and low pressure coming into contact even more.
Yeah, with moisture and all that, yeah. So you would have crazy like hurricane storms and
stuff. Dude. So it goes on to talk about the Clovis people and the megafaunal. It says...
And then the conclusion? Let's just finish it out then. We're almost done. Okay. I'll finish
it. Well, at least... Yeah, we're almost done.
So under the Clovis and megafaunal, the impact-related effects would have been devastating for animals
and plants. For humans, major adaptive shifts... are evident at 12.9 thousand years ago, along
with an inferred population decline, as subsistence strategies changed because of dramatic ecological
change and the extinction, reduction, and displacement of key prey species. Many sites indicate that
both Clovis people and extinct megafauna were present immediately before the Y.D. event.
except in rare cases either appears in geologic records afterwards, neither appears in the
geologic record afterwards. Right. That's huge. So the black mat covers the Clovis, covers
the megafaunal. You look at the black mat and you go right below it and you'll see mammoth
bones next to Clovis sites. With the black mat laying on top of the mammoth bones, staining
the bones. Yep. It's on it. That means that the... the period in which the black man started
killed that thing, those things. Maybe it didn't necessarily kill that specific one, but no,
but it means that thing was alive recent enough to have been covered by that. Or whatever.
But I remember when I was at the conference, um, about this and some of the scientists were
being interviewed and they were talking about how like you can actually, um, some of the
stuff like, penetrates the bones. No, I mean, I'm not saying that. I'm just saying that specific
one that was found being laid on top. I'm just saying that not every single one was killed
by it, but was killed in a time where its bones were still fresh. Right, right. Right. I'm
not saying anyway. Which is crazy. It's a pretty clear suggestion that this is what killed them.
Yeah, absolutely. It goes on to talk about, at Murray Springs, butchered, still articulated
mammoth bones, Clovis tools and hearth were found buried directly beneath the black mat,
like we were just talking about, indicating that it buried them rapidly. The whitey bee
or the younger dryus boundary markers including iridium at 51 parts per billion occurred inside
an extinct horse skull at Walley's Beach Clover's Kill Site. I mean that means it was inside
the skull. Yeah. Which means the skull was open to it. Yeah. Again suggesting rapid burial.
Following the YD event, it is likely that some now extinct animals survived in protected niches.
only later to become extinct because of insufficient food sources. Like I was saying, like not all
of them died from it, but they died in the period that they designed. Overhunting, climate change,
disease, flooding, and other effects, all triggered or amplified by the Younger Dryas Event.
Yeah, so I mean, even if it wasn't directly triggered, it was amplified. So there was a
lot of these things that could have already been in the decline. The climate was changing,
right? This was the period where we're coming out of the Ice Age. So some of the land has
already been shifting. Animals and plants probably were migrating and changing locations. So if
something like that was already happening, it would get amplified. It could have been. been
amplified by this. Absolutely, absolutely. Do you want to finish this off, Aaron? Our primary
aim is to present evidence supporting the YD impact event, a major ET collision over North
America at 12.9 thousand years ago, which contributed to the younger dry ice cooling, the mass extinction
of the North American fauna and major adaptations in population declines among the paleo Americans.
The unique carbon rich YDB layer coupled with a distinct assemblage of impact tracers implies
isochroneity of the YDB datum layer and thus highlights its utility for correlation and
dating of the North American Late Pleistocene. These associations, if confirmed, offer the
most complete and recent geologic record for an ET impact and its effects, such as global
climate change and final extinction. This evidence also would represent a record of major ET event
having serious widespread consequences for anatomically modern humans. Yeah. So it's a big thing. It
killed off a bunch of animals. It killed off a bunch of humans. It caused us to have to
hunt other things. It changed the climate. It caused a re-dramatic. three onset of the ice
age while we were on a trend out of it. Like, yeah, it set forest fires everywhere. It's
a big thing. Yeah, well, and this sends all that meltwater from the glaciers down North
America, just dramatically changing the landscape, which we'll talk about more because Randall
Carlson is a fascinating human and he has a lot of great research and does a lot of stuff
in. Northwest of US that we hope to go on some of the tours. Yeah. He's got a bunch of tours.
Montana. He's got some ones out east. He's got some ones in the. I think he does the Carolina
Bays. Yeah. And he does stuff in Georgia and stuff in the hills. The article didn't explain
this, but the other thing about the Carolina Bays is imagine the impact on the ice sheet
and then all these ice chunks flying up as the splash dropping down. the Easter Seaboard.
So they're pointing up there like, Oh, yeah, we did kind of talk about that. We talked about
a little bit. Yeah. Dude, like, you're not going to survive. No. The chances are like most people
are dead. Exactly. Like, and the idea and again, to touch on it a little bit, like the idea
of this alternative history. is to say that it's possible with an event like this, that
there was some type of civilization that could have lived and been around in North America
and a lot of just the Northern Hemisphere. This would have had worldwide impacts. So it could
have been a lot of, mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, a lot of the impacts were. But yeah, and you
talk about a lot of these ancient myths and these like fables of like, you know, Atlantis
and Lemuria and Mu and a lot of these places that are talked about. It lines up with the
flood myths like we were talking about earlier. Like those, if something like this happened
within human lifetime, which is humans were alive 12,900 years ago and we were around.
This is the beginning of what we are told is our human civilization. If this isn't a great
flood, I don't know what is. Absolutely, you know fits because it's so long before the beginnings
of what is what would go on to become the major religions around the world right so that it
would be a Like amply called a myth because it was so long ago. It would have to be jit.
Mike millennia have gone by right If this happened to us today Civilization will be done. The
oceans will go 400 feet. All the coastal cities are underwater. Very few people survive. Everything
that we have. All of our food systems. All of our modern comforts. All of our division of
labor will collapse. Everything would go back to. There would be survivors, though. Absolutely.
And we would remember. We would make sure to teach our kids what happened. Well, and not
only that, we probably blame it on what we did as humans. Yeah. And we talk about, we talk
about the people who, who knew a lot of stuff. And like, and I guess what I'm trying to say
is we, the, if you survived a cataclysm like that in today's age and you survived it for
long enough to realize that you can't survive this long-term, where are you going to settle,
where are you going to move to? You're going to move. to the people that right now in this
day and age, cohabit this world with us, our hunter gatherers and remote civilizations.
You would move there, you would try to make friends with them and you would maybe share
some tips on farming that you might've learned throughout your life or you might share some
knowledge or some crazy stories that these people have never heard. And we're talking about thousands
of years have probably gone on. and a lot of the things that they are, you're finally able
to like make them understand if you don't even speak the same language, hundreds of years
maybe or whatever, generations. Like these things, like it's not that far-fetched. If our society,
it's not that far-fetched even if you look back to imagine a world where hunter-gatherers like
the Clovis people lived alongside people who had modern... amenities and modern comforts
and whether that modern is the same as our modern or if it was a modern at whatever stage in
evolution they were at and What's important like in the big picture to piece this back
in with our conventional? understanding of human civilization all those types of Evidences we
pointed out earlier that there was advanced civilization What would we expect to see of
it now is what we're seeing now. Absolutely, stonework. Right. That's the only thing that
survives something like this. Anything wood, anything metal. 10,000, over 10,000 years.
In our current age, all of our information on hard drives? Gone. Gone, dude. Useless. None
of it will survive. Unless they specifically invent the exact same port adapter that goes
on your hard drive, it ain't going to happen. Yeah. The Hoover Dam would survive. Sure. if
it wasn't directly hit. Mount Rushmore would survive if it wasn't directly hit. And the
cool thing is that Hoover Dam at the very bottom, they have a plate that shows the constellations
in the sky at the time that it was built. So that's kind of cool, maybe thinking about the
future if and when. Likely what a lot of these ancients did with their structures, because
a lot of them, when you break down the archaeoastronomy of the site, they point to a date of the sky.
and a lot of them point back to this time period. They point back to this 12.9 thousand years
ago or later in some cases. Because the 11,600 year ago event where we also dramatically come
out of the Younger Dryas. The warming event. Was another dramatic event that that's not
what this whole article was about. No, but it's part of the same thing. And we'll probably,
we'll definitely have to get into it. We don't have as much of a smoking gun with that one
as we do with this one in the onset of it. Yeah. I mean, there's, there's theories that it could
have been another, um, asteroid or comet. That's one theory. Um, because- Or like solar flares.
Because it wasn't, because it, because it wouldn't have hit if it, sorry. If it didn't hit ice
or water, if it hit land, it would have been a completely different story as to how the
Earth reacted to it. Yeah, and we actually didn't bring up the comet stream. So this comet that
they're talking about, they did talk about coming from the torids early in the paper. Yeah, the
torid meteor stream. We didn't point that out. So essentially, there's this thing in the solar
system called the torrid meteor stream. It is the remnants of a giant comet that its orbit
intersects with the Earth in two points. So twice a year, we go through its orbit and it
has long ago broken up and decayed into all of these fragmentary pieces. And we travel
through that section of the sky twice a year. we hit meteor showers and that's what you know
is the torrid from late October, early November and also in June. So if you're a sky watcher,
you know about the torrid in late October, early November. That's the remnants of this comet
stream. Yeah, and there's some people that liken it, I think Randall Carlson likens it to crossing
a highway crossing a highway blindfolded and hoping that you hit motorcycles and bikes.
Right, so if you're not only blindfolded, but if you also get, you go to sleep and you get
woken up at a random point and you don't know if it's day or night. Yeah. Right? Yeah. And
then you cross it. If you happen to cross at 4 AM, likely there's not gonna be any cars
on the road. Right. But if you happen to cross in the middle of rush hour. Yeah. like it's
a much more dangerous transition across that. And that's essentially what we cross every
year twice. Yeah. And for the most part, it's pretty uneventful. But there's definitely those
times. There's a time of the day where it's going to be a little busier than the rest of
the time. We cross it twice a year. And there are some people that suggest there is a cyclical
nature to what portion of it, like what portion of the towards you might come across. So, like-
I don't know if we have it fully mapped out. I know like NASA has mapped a bunch of space
objects that are like- near earth crossing and some of them that are earth crossing. Right.
But I guess I just mean like 12,000 years ago, like there could be they would have been in
a different section of its debris field and maybe it was a worse section then and maybe
we're at some point in the future, maybe it's soon, maybe it's not. But at some point in
the future, we will encounter that section of the. Yeah. of the meteor stream and where there's
bigger chunks and we're more likely to get hit. So we have to be conscious of this. It's, you
know, we're spending all this time and money on wars and BS when we could be spending some
energy figuring out the heavens, figuring out where the dangers are and what we should be
preparing for. Cause at some point we will encounter something like this again. My voice gave out
right at the end there. It was a good time because we're over. But it's been super fun. This is
a great episode. And I'm excited to keep going into this more. And I'm sorry if it's frustrating
for how many topics we're just like. And we'll get into that later. We'll try not to overly
point those out. But I can't wait to just, we've got so many podcasts ahead of us to really
dive into all of these topics. Yeah, we're just excited. We're excited for especially these
first few. getting them out. But we have to take into account that this is probably something
really dramatic that happened for this planet. Yep, and it probably caused a lot of devastation.
What it would have been like for the humans who lived there then. Survived it. How advanced
we were back then. What evidence we would have left of it. It's all mysteries that it's going
to take time. We unravel, but in order for us to really unravel it, we need to be open-minded
and we need to not shut ourselves down to the possibility that this world is more complicated
and mysterious. Yeah, and that the picture painted by, you know, the authority of knowledge is
not necessarily... whole truth. Yeah, so keep your minds open, stay curious, keep investigating
the nature of reality and we'll check in with you next time. Adios. Later.
Thanks for watching!
you
Bye!